Quantifying sex-ratio bias in probands demonstrates a highly significant male bias associated with pectus excavatum.

Introduction: Postoperative pain control remains the primary reason for inpatient stay after minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum.

The indications have been as diverse as anti-retrovirus treatment associated facial lipoatrophy, pectus excavatum and post-breast reconstruction contour deformities.

Materials and methods: Patients were randomized to epidural or PCA following minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum with standard protocols for each arm.

Some clinical traits appear important and may serve as reliable indicators for predicting the likelihood of pectus excavatum in children before severe symptoms present.

Pectus excavatum is the most common congenital chest wall abnormality expressed in children, yet its inheritance is poorly understood.